What are the Rare Oral Conditions?


Rare oral abnormalities are diseases and dysfunctions of the oral tissues and dentition produced by faulty genes. Many hereditary oral diseases are symptoms of more complex disorders and are caused by inherited features and abnormalities or by spontaneous genetic mutations. Appropriate skeletal and teeth formation necessitates the integration of multiple mechanisms beginning in early embryonic development. Patterning of the head, limbs, and dental parts, cell migration and expansion, differentiation to specialised cells, matrix secretion, bio mineralization of bones and teeth, and bone remodelling are examples of these.

Types of Rare Oral Diseases

1. Hyperdontia:  This uncommon disorder affects around 2% of the population. However, in some situations, a person will develop extra teeth, a disease known as hyperdontia. Hyperdontia patients often have only one extra tooth, which is commonly positioned behind the top, front teeth. This disorder is assumed to be inherited, however it is readily remedied by removing the extra teeth.

2. Papillon-Lefevre Syndrome (PLS): PLS is a significant deficit of an enzyme required to maintain the connective tissues that support and link the teeth. This is a genetic condition as well. A person with PLS will gradually lose his teeth if this enzyme is not present. This begins with baby teeth at the age of four and progresses to adult teeth in the early twenties. Antibiotic treatment has been shown to delay the process.

3. Otodental Syndrome: This is a complicated condition with a strong hereditary link. It also has an impact on hearing and teeth. The canines and molars expand, causing the facial structure to be impacted. The other teeth are broken. Treatment is typically complex, including tooth extractions and repair.

4. Gingival Fibromatosis:  This results in gum tissue overgrowth. The gums are highly swollen and puffy in an unusual way. It affects the teeth, which may be irregular in shape or move about within the gums. To recover the afflicted area, the problem can be addressed by oral surgery. Some people experience tissue regrowth, whereas others do not. As a result, the disease's success is not consistent.

Rare ailments are difficult to identify and are frequently misdiagnosed; skeleton disorders are no exception. While advances in our understanding of the underlying causes, pathologies, and processes of bone diseases have been accomplished, those of the dental-oral-craniofacial (DOC) complex are typically disregarded or described in a superficial manner. This has consequences for understanding, diagnosing, and treating affected individuals, compromising their health and quality of life.

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